Gas-turbine.



L. A. HAINES. GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. 1914. A 1,21 9,297. Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

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L. A. HAINES.

GAS TURBINE.

. APPLICATION FILED APR. 3 9'41 1,219,297. Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

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L. A. HAINES'.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILEDAPRJ, I9I4.

L. A. HAINES.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED mm. 1914.

Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

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L. A. HAINES.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3.1914.

Patented lhmn 13,1917.

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GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. 1914.

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GAS-TURBINE.

, Application filed April 3, 1914. Serial No. 829,283.

To all whom it may concern: 4

Be it known that I, LEWIS A. HAINES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Gas-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to gas turbines of the internal combustion type of that class wherein a part of the workmg organization is permitted to cool down and remain propulsively inactive while the remaining part of the organization is receiving the explosive medium and effectively driving a turbine on a shaft geared up or operatively connected to both parts of the working organization. In gas engines of the turbine class using an explosive motive agent a highly heated condition of the driving elements ensues and it is .essential that the temperature of said 'elements be automatically controlled to reduce as much as possible the structural deterioration of the driving means with which the highly heated explosive motive agent comes in contact. A gas turbine of this t pe to be commercially effective must be relia ly automatic in its operation, both as to the alternating driving activity of the opposing parts of the turbine and also as to the supply, compression and combustion of the explosive medium and the delivery of the latter to the turbine elements. It is also necessary in turbines of this class to control and regulate the combustion or explosion of a motive agent in one or more combustion chambers in proportion to the load on the motor and to have the chambers so arranged that the motive agent will be supplied with a cycling movement and also to provide means for instantly throwing a part of the chambers and the feeding means therefor out of and into commission as the load may require and also to effect a translation of the number of working chambers from one part of the working organization to the; without the least variation and in proportion to'the load on the motor.

Moreover, it is required for practical purposes that the speed of rotation of theshafts controlling the operation of the compressing and combustion chambers and the pistons in the lat ter be determined to avoid a maximum that would be too great for effective actuation of the chambers and their pistons and the motive agent feeding means, yet at the same time generate a power suflicient for operating heavy machinery without fluctuation or. with the same degree of constancy as is possible with a steam motor or engine.

In the present construction of as turbine the combustion chambers are ocated or structurally embodied within the pistons, and after the explosion is efiected the charge in the combustion chamber of each piston is completely burned before liberation ensues relatively to the adjacent turbine and at the time that the combustion of the charge takes place in each piston a new charge of the motive or explosive medium is drawn into each cylinder to quicken the supply of the motive medium and also to materially cool the piston. The turbines in the present structure are located within a central inclosure and are fixed to a common shaft provided with rotating bearings revolving in the same direction as the turbine shaft and of an antifrictional type which materially eliminates friction and reduces wear on the extremities of the turbine shaft and also renders the said shaft sensitive as a motion transmitting means through the medium of suitably timed gears relatively to the power shafts associated with and controlling theoperation of the working parts which control and regulate the feed compression, explosion and combustion of the motive agent. the present instance also a governor mechanism is embodied and has a; group of organizations associated therewith whereby the alternation of the working groups '0 effected from the power shafts and whereby the controller for the .feed of the explosive medium and air may be actuated when variation in the load requires. These groups.

of organizations in association with the governor mechanism include electrically connected timers of particular construction to render them active in accordancewithajcertain number] of revolutions made by the Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 13, 1917.

f cylinders and pistons may be regularlythe motive agent in proportion to the load on the motor with certainty and accuracy. The improved gas turbine also embodies other features of construction and novel mechanisms all conjointly operating to render the entire organization efl'ective in its desired actuation and which will be more fully hereinafter described in preferred form. V

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation, broken away in part, of a gas turbine embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of one-half of the improved gas turbine.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the remaining half of the improved gas turbine.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of one end of the improved gas turbine.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the improved gas turbine looking toward the extremity at which the governor is located and shown partially broken away and in section.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged elevation, partially broken away, of the controller disposed about the outer extremity of each power shaft, parts of the controller being partially broken away.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through one end of the turbine particularly showing the parts of the controller and -means for supporting the same, the controller organization being illustrated in side elevation.

Fig.7 is a transverse vertical section on the line 77, Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a'transverse vertical section on the line 88, Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a detail View of the governor in side elevation, timer mechanism, and regulator mechanism associated with the governor and illustrated in partial transverse section and elevation.

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the mechanism shown by Fig. 9 in planes at right angles to the latter with corresponding changes in the sectional illustration of the timing mechanism and regulator.

Fig. 11 is a detail elevation, partially broken-away, showing one of the timers and illustrating the shiftable contact shoes out of alinement with relation to the contacts.

Fig. 12 is a detail elevation of one of the timers showing the shiftable contact shoes in engagement with the contacts.

Fig. 13 is an elevation of one of the elements of the regulator showing a part thereof removed and other parts in section, this member of the regulator being shown in ac the condition.

Fig. 14 is a detail elevation of the remaining member of the regulator having a part thereof removed and showing it in inactive condition.

Fig. 15 is a horizontal section taken in the plane of the line 1515, Fig. 2, and particularly showing a supporting bracket and the webbedconstruction and connection of the gas and air feeding pipes for each cylinder.

Fig. 16 is a horizontal section through one ofv the cylinders and pistons particularly illustrating the angular or tangential disposition of the registering outlets with respect to a discharge channel.

Fig. 17 is a transverse vertical section through one of the cylinders and pistons and discharge channel, the piston rod being omitted.

The numeral 5 designates a turbine or main driving shaft extending through and freely running in an opening 6 at the center of a partition 7, said turbine or main driving shaft having turbines 8 secured on opposite extremities thereof and provided with any approved type of turbine blades 9 adaptedfor the purpose and freely rotating within annular water jacket extensions 10. Each turbine 8 is arranged in the present instance for conjoint operation with means for supplying the prepared or heated motive agent thereto or with individual organizations comprising a plurality of cylinders and pistons and a power shaft together with motive agent supply devices and con trolling timing and regulating mechanisms, the individual organizations being in the present instance respectively indicated by the reference characters A and B, as clearly indicated by Figs. 2 and 2 A detail description of the organization indicated as a whole by the reference character A will sufiice for that indicated by the reference character B, as both organizations are of duplicate construction in every particular, and each comprises a suitable open frame work 11 of such general contour and structural inter-relation as to provide a positive and reliable support and means of attachment for the several instrumentalities which will be presently explained. This framework 11 will be constructed as light as possible but of a strong and durable nature to resist breakage by ordinary weight stress and vibration that may be imparted thereto from the working parts. The organizations A and B each includes a power shaft 12 mounted to rotate in an elongated hear ing sleeve 13 having an inner securing flange or member 14 attached to the frame, each shaft 12 having a crank 15 on the inner end thereof loosely engaged by a crank box or disk 16, the inner crank member 17 being cored out or recessed as at 18 and 19 to provide a rotating bearing for the ad jacent reduced end 20 of the turbine or main driving shaft 5, said rotating bearing comprising ahard metal ring 21 snugly fitted against the wall of the recess 18, and

a companion ring 22 of smaller diameter I integral with antifrictional balls 26 therebetween. These.

rotating bearings materially add to the effective operation of the turbine or mainv driving shaft 5 by taking off the wear and end thrust from the opposite ends of the said shaft 5 as well as in the reduction of friction to a minimum. Each end of the turbine or main driving shaft '5 is also formed or provided with a pinion 27 held gearing the power shaft 15 is properly timed in its operation or rotation relatively to the turbine or main driving shaft 5. The dimensions of the several pinions and gears interposed between the turbine driving shaft and each power shaft may be modified or regulated at will in accordance with the required speed of the power shafts,

and it will be seen that the interpositionof the gears between the ends of-the turbine or main driving shaft and the cranks 15 of the power shafts results in a direct and positive operation of the power shafts within 'a minimized space and without liability of fluctuation ofsaid shafts. It will also be understood that the rotating bearings for the ends of the turbine or main driving shaft in the crank members 17 saves considerably in the structural elements for mounting the turbine shaft and the components of these bearings will be of hard metal so as to resist "wear and maintain the said turbine or main driving shaft and the turbines 8 in true running position. The crank member 17 of each power shaft 12 is in effect a part of the shaft 12 and is in direct 'alinement with the power shaft proper, said member being mounted in a suitable opening- 34 formed in an inner closure or housing plate 35 which is preferably asurrounding shell 36 having an outer suitably formed cap plate or closure 37. The construction of the plate 35, shell 36 and cap plate 37, however, is incidental and these parts may be varied at will andsuitablysecured to the various membersorelements of'the frame 11 so as to solidify the supporting means for the operating parts of each organization A and B and give stability to. the turbine generally.

The object of'the separate power shaft or.-

ganization is to' permit the turbine or main driving shaft 5 to run freely at a predetermined high rate of speed and the shafts 12 at a correspondingly low rate of speed so as to effect a regular and practical operation of the dual mechanisms for controlling the -feed, compression, explosion and combustion of the motive agent and insure constancy in the accumulation and delivery of the prepared .or heated motlve agent to the turbines 8, the gearing interposed between the opposite extrem ties of the turbine or main driving shaft and the power shafts serving as a compensating means which will produce a. ratio of speed relatively to the power shafts 12 as may be desired or found necessary in operating ceror main tain mechanisms with which the improved gas turbine may beused.

Radially arranged around each power shaft 12 is a plurality of cylinders or shells which in the present instance are, shown as six in number and are indicated by the reference character 38 and by Figs. 2 and 2. Each cylinder or shell 38 is fully open at its inner end and has an outer closing head 39, the several cylinders being mounted in .inclosing casings 40 formed as a part of the frame and provided are clearly shown with compartments as, at 41in which suitable packing material 42 is introduced to reduce the heat radiation and likewise to prevent the several cylinders from becoming heated to any material extent by adjacent parts of the turbine and thus facilitate cooling the several cylinders at intervals in a manner which will be more fully hereinafter ex-. plained. Each cylinder head 39 is hollow and formed with a double wall. as at 43, and between the same and the adjacent part of the casing 41 which'is extended outwardly beyond each cylinder a suitable packing is introduced. Each cylinder head 39 also has an' outer valve cap or member 44 secured thereto and likewise formed hollow to receive a suitable packing. The valve cap 44 is constructed with a central support 45 formed with a chamber 46 arranged in radial relation to the outer end of the cylinder or in longitudinal alinement with the center of the cylinder, and mounted in the said support is a loose valve stem 47 having a valve 48 at its inner end which cothe center bearing 51 for engagement by the inner end of a rocking lever 52 intermediately fulcrumed as at 53 on an adjacent part of the shell 36 through the medium of a supporting bracket 54, as clearly shown by Fig. 1. The valve 47 constitutes an inlet valve with relation to the cylinder 38 and regulates the admission of the successive charges of the motive agent to the outer end o the said cylinder. Arranged adjacent to each cylinder 38 and its hollow head 39 is an air and gas supply means, the hollow head 39 serving as and constituting a receiving chamber with the outer portion of which an inlet pipe 56 has communication and for a portion of its length being a conduit for conveying a mixture of air and gas to the receiving chamber 55. The inlet pipe 56 continues outwardly a short distance from the head 39 and is formed with an elbow 57 and from the said elbow is extended inwardly in a radial direction and-opens into an annular air chamber 58 which may have air at atmospheric or greater pressure supplied thereto. Adjacent to the air chamber and divided from the latter by a partition 59 is an annular gas chamber 60 having a pipe or conduit 61 communicating therewith and extending outwardly and then inwardly toward the elbow 57, the air feeding and gas feeding pipes being of integral structure and connected by a web 62. The formation of these two pipes as a unit is materially advantageous in mounting the same in connection with the chambers 58 and 60 and the head 39, and by such structural provision considerable time and labor will be saved in associating the several parts of the turbine organization by reason of the fact that the necessity of coupling up separate pipes and adjusting and truing the same will be avoided. The outer end of the gas pipe or conduit 61 of this unitary pipe structure is formed with a nozzle 63 which is projected through the elbow 57 some distance inwardly into the inlet pipe 56 and constitutes an infor driving the turbines.

the valve.

jector for delivering the gas to the air that passes into the pipe 56 and mixes with the air so that a chamber 55 is successively charged with the proper proportion of gas and air to effect the best results from a standpoint of explosion and combustion to produce the motive agent in the best form The quantity of gas passing into the nozzle or injector 63 and from the latter into the inlet pipe 56 is regulated by a valve 64 secured to a stem 65 mounted in'suitable supports and engaged by a spring 66 which tends to normally close The stem 65 of the valve 64 projects exteriorly through a stuffing box or gland 67 and is operatively engaged by one arm of a bell-crank lever 68 fulcrumed on the outer end of the supporting bracket 54, the said valve stem being moved longitudinally to open the valve 64. against the resistance of the spring 66 which always tends to close the valve against its seat in the outer end of the nozzle or injector 63. Each of the six cylinders in each organization A and B is equipped with a head 39, cap 44, inlet pipe 56 continuing into an air feeding pipe a gas feeding pipe 61 preferably integrally formed with the air feeding pipe as explained, a nozzle or injector 63 provided with a valve 64: and exteriorly projecting spring-actuated stem 65, a bell-crank lever 68, and a rocking lever 52 cooperating with a push-pin mounted in the cap 4A and 0perative through the rocking lever against the resistance of aspring 50 to open the valve 48 for the admission of successive charges into each cylinder. The rocking levers 52 and the bell-crank lever 68 are regularly operated by means which will be hereinafter explained to open the valves 48 and 64 at timed intervals and in accordance with the load on the turbine or-motor as a whole so that the charges of the motive agent may be successively admitted to the cylinders 38 at a proper degree of richness to produce the best results. The crank box or disk .16 engaging the crank 15 is eccentric with relation to said crank, and thereto piston rods 69 corresponding in number to the cylinders 38 are movably attached, the said piston rods projecting radially into the inner open ends of the cylinders 38 and movably connected to the inner extremities of pistons 70. As disclosed in my prior Patent No. 1,025,869, one of the piston rods of each group has its inner extremity fixed to the disk 16 and the outer extremity movably attached to its piston similarly to the remaining piston rods, and by fixing the inner extremity of one piston rod the disk is maintained in proper position against wabbling or irregular movement and a positive operation of the disk relatively to the crank is insured. It will therefore be understood that the one piston rod which is fixed at its inner end to the disk 16 acts as a holding leg for the said disk, but in the performance of this function this piston rod will not be in the least restricted in its reciprocating and oscillating movements. The construction of the cylinders 38 and pistons 70 is clearly shown on an enlarged scale by Fig. 17 and the inner extremity of each piston is formed as a hollow chamber 71 with inwardly projecting trunnion bearings 72 for the trunnions 73 of each piston rod 69. Adjacent to the trunnion bearings 72 is a cross-partition 74: having a central opening 76 to receive a suitable packing to prevent radiation of the heat to adjacent parts of the piston and cylinder and in advance of the packing chamber 76 the piston is formed with a combustion chamber 77 in which is a central support or socket member 7 8 having a socket 79 in its outer end to receive the stem 80 of a loosely mounted valve 81 co'riperating with a seat 82 around a valve opening 83 which is adapted to set up communication between-- the combustion chamber 77 in the piston and the cylinder 38. The valve seat 82 is shown as a separate member removably mounted in the outer end of the piston and made of a harder metal than the remaining portion of the piston so as to resist wear by the action of the valve 81 in relation thereto. The wall of the combustion chamber 77 is formed with an inner channel 84 from which a plurality extends around the exterior of the,cylinder and merges into a nozzle receivin socket 88 in which is fitted a nozzle, 89 of the form particularly shown by Fig. 16 and having an angularly cut opening which is positioned close to the blades 9 of the adjacent turbine 8 so that the kinetic energy generated within the combustion chamber may be delivered with force to the turbine blades. Owing to the tangential or angular arrangement-of the ports 85 and 86 and the position of the channeled ring 87 thereto as well as the angular disposition of the nozzle 89 relatively to the blades, quick liberation of the heated motive agent from the combustion chamber 77 and a strong impacting delivery thereof relatively to the turbine blades are effected. One of the openingsor ports 85 is also adapted to aline withand expose the active extremity of a sparking plug 90 to the combustion chamber 77 to fire or-explode the charge in the. latter, the said sparking plug being located adjacent to the outer end of the cylinder 38, as clearly shown by Figs. 2 and 2, and this exposureof the sparking plug to the interior of the combustion chamber 77 is effected after the compression of each charge in the said combus tion chamber is completed and the valve 81 is closed. The nozzles 89 extend into recesses 91 formed in the inner housing plate 35 and each of these recesses has an opening 92 close to and directly opposite the intermediate portions of the blades 9 of the adj acent turbine 8. It will also be understood that the pistons 70 will be provided with suitable packing rings 93 for setting up a tight working association of the pistons and cylinders.

As hereinbefc'ire indicated, the valves 48 and 64 are positively opened or are under mechanically controlled mechanism which is actuated to supply the several cylinders in cycling sequence with charges of air and gas 1n proper proportions, preferably at about eleven to one, and ,this controlled mechanismor controller for the said valves in turn is operated from the power shaft embodied in each organization or group A and B and in accordance with the speed of rotation of the said power shafts and the load upon the turbine or motor as a whole. The advantages of this mechanical control of the valves 48 and 64 in connection with each cylinder and piston and supply means therefor are that a practical, successive .op-

eration and perfect ignition or explosion and combustion of the motive agent may ensue at predetermined intervals without using intermediate valves between the air and gas supply pipes or conduits and the chambers 55 in theheads 39 is avoided. The preferred mechanical means for directly operating the rock levers 52 and the bell-cranks 68 and included as a part of the controllers, one of which is located at each end of the turbine, consists of a plurality of reciprocating rods 94 and 95 which are arranged in pairs relatively to each cylinder and piston and motive agent supply means therefor and extend radially with relation to the opposite ends of the turbine. The outer rods 94 have their outer ends connected to the bell-cranks 68 and the inner rods 95 have their outer ends connected to the outer extremities of the'rock-levers 52. The inner ends of the said rods 94 and 95 loosely extend through suitablewear bushings 96 in the side wall of an inclosure or casing 97 at each end of the turbine and the power shaft 12 of each organization or group A and B projects; outwardly through the center of the casing, which in the present instance is provided with a central collar 98 formed as a part thereof and screw-threaded to adjustably receive a cap 99 and an adjusting ring 100. The outer extremity of each shaft engages a thrust bearing 101 mounted in the collar 98 and engaged by the cap 99, Said thrust bearing being of an ant1fric tional type, as clearly shown, and operating to prevent longitudinal movement of the shaft 12 and also to give the latter a practical mounting at its outer extremity. Within the casing 97 an eccentric 102 is disposed and keyed to the shaft 12, as shown by Figs. 2, 2, 5 and 8. The eccen tric 102 is engaged by a securing cap 103, and mounted thereon is an eccentric ring 104 to which a plurality of piston rods 105 and 106 are connected, the piston rods 105 being movably attached or fulcrumed to the ring 104 and the one piston rod 106 being fixed at its inner extremity to said ring to serve as a supporting leg to keep the eccentric ring in place and also to effect a positive operation of the eccentric and ring relatively to the several piston rods. The end closing plate or disk 107 is comprised in the organization of the casing 97 and therefrom the collar 98 centrally projects, and extending inwardly from the plate or disk 107 is an annular flange or seat 108 on which a shifting disk or annulus 109 is movably mounted and serves the double purpose of a trunnion support and as a means for moving the devices directly cooperating with the inner ends of the pairs of rods 94 and 95 out of and into full actuating position relatively to said rodsl In the present instance this direct operating means for the rods consists of, pairs of cylinders 110 and 111, each two cylinders of the pairs being individually equipped with pistons 112 and 113 respectively. There is a pair of cylinders 110 and 111 with their pistons 112 and 113 for each pair of rods 94 and 95, and both pistons of each pair of cylinders are unitedly reciprocated by a single piston rod 105 or 106. The outer ends of the piston rods 105 and 106 are attached to the centers of the inner ends of the pistons 112 and 113 by trunnion rods 114, the two cylinders being divided by a central partition 115 having an inner slot 116 to provide a clearance for the movement of the outer end of the piston rod working therein. It will be seen that each pair of pistons 112 and 113 is given an equal inward and outward stroke in accordance with the operation of the eccentric 102 and the eccentric ring 101 to which the inner ends of the piston rods 105 and 106 are connected. Each pair of cylinders 110 and 111 with their pistons 112 and 113 is independently fulcrumed by means of an outer trunnion 117 engaging the shifting disk or annulus 109 and also by an elongated trunnion 118 at a diametricaily opposite point projecting inwardly from the inner cylinder 111 and extending through a bearing 119 constituting a part of a. magnet frame 120 having a hub 121 fitted over the elongated bearing sleeve 13 for the shaft 12, the said frame 120 and its hub- 121 having a fixed position relatively to the sleeve 13. Through the medium of the trunnions 11'; and 113 extending respectively from the outer and inner portions of the cylinders 110 and 111, the latter with their pistons may be rocked so as to change" the position of the outer ends of the pistons relatively to the inner ends of the rods 91 and 95 loosely projecting through and reciprocating in the casing 97.

. outer end of each piston 112 is formed 'th a boss-or projection 122 having a s-sectional extent of reduced proporns or adapted to entirely clearthe end of red at cooperating therewith and actur g the gas admission valve 64:. The outer of each piston 113'has a boss or projection 123 which has a greater crosssectional extent than the boss or projection 122 or is practically conical and is adapted e coiiperate with the inner end of one of h rods 95 which actuates the correspondrocking lever 52 and opens the valve 18 related theretothrough the push-pin engaging the stem of the valve, as hereinbefore explained. The difference in the cross-sectional extent of the bosses or projections 122 and 123 as just explained is very advantageous in accomplishing a desired operation or in insuring the admission of limited quantities of air into the several cylinders 38 of the group of cylinders which may be inactive so as to materially assist in cooling the said cylinders. This operation is obtained when the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 are shifted relatively to their rods 91 and 95 by reason of each rod 95 engaging a portion of its boss or projection 123 at a distance inwardly from the apex of said projection so that when the piston 113 is reciprocated it will correspondingly push the rod 95 to a less extent than the maximum actuation of the said rod when the piston 113 is in normal position relatively to the rod, and hence the valve 18 will be slightly opened and a small quantity of air permitted to enter the corresponding cylinder 38 for the purpose above explained. 'The pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 may be individually or as an entirety shifted outwardly from and into full operating position relatively to the rods 91 and 95 as hereinbefore indicated. Extending inwardly from the top portion of each trunnion bearing 119 is a supporting pin or arm 124; having its inner extremity slotted as at 125 and provided with a set-screw 126 to receive and hold one end of a flat spring 127. As heretofore indicated, the trunnion 118 projects through the bearing 119 and is reduced at its inner extremity to form a rock-extension or arm 128 on which is mounted an eye or collar 1 9 formed at one end of an armature 130 provided at its opposite end with a head 131 and intermediately engaged by the spring 127, a suitable link or yoke 132 being connected to the intermediate portion of the armature 130 as clearly shown by F 7, and having its outer extremity en gaged by the said spring 127. ture 130 has a stop extension 133 extending from the collar 129 and provided with an adjusting stop screw 13?: to engage an adjaccnt portion of the magnet frame to limit the upward movement of that portion of the armature projecting from the opposite side The of the collar and carrying the head 131. armatures are six in number and are mounted to cooperate with electromagnets 135 held by the frame 120 and having their inner ends provided with dovetail extensions 136 to engage dovetail seats .137 formed in the part of the hub 121 or a. de vice that may be mounted on the latter. The magnets 135 are held in fixed position and have their outer poles 138 in alinernent for coiiperation wit the heads 131 of the armatures 130. The electromagnets are ar- The armaranged in pairs or every six groups or pairs of the magnets and the heads of the armatures 131 are of such dimensions asto bridge ner of the usual form of electromagnet orthe governor balls to which it is connected I and engaged bythe short arms 1420f a bellcrank yoke 143- fulcrumed on a'bracket 144 ganizations for the purpose of setting up sufiicient magnetism to quickly and positively operate the armatures when the electromagnets are energized. It will be under stood that there should be sufficient magnetic strength to reliably operate'the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 and their pistons 112 and 113 in shifting the individual pairs of pistons out of and into cotiperative engagement with the rods 94 and 95 in accordance with the requirements of the load on the motor, and such shifting movement of the individual pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 and their pistons will be independent of .the shifting movement of the pairs of cylinders as a whole through the medium of the shifting disk or annulus 109.

Mounted in operative connection with one end of the turbine or motor is a governor 139 of the usual form of centrifugally act ing ball type and embodying a stem or shaft 140 with a sliding member 141 1 thereon which rises and falls through the action of secured to a fixed part of the governor beat an angle and movably connected to the upper ends of rigid links 146 and 147 The stem or shaft. 140 is rotated by suitable means through a belt pulley 148 having a belt 149 trained thereover and also over a corresponding pulley 150 secured on an outwardly pro ecting portion of one of the power shafts '12. By this means the governor may be set to control a' predetermined speed of the power shafts 12 of the turbine and prevent racing as well as regulate. the

speed of rotation of said shafts relatively to the load on the motor, as will be more fully hereinafter explained. Below the base of the governor stand is a pair of timers, one for each side of the machine, and electrically connected to a source of current or to magnetos 151, there being two of the magnetos which are supported on brackets 152 projecting outwardly from one end of the machine on-opposite sides of the centerof the latter and adjacent to the casing 97. These magnetos are actuated by shafts 153 extending into the adjacent end of the tur bine and mounted on suitable bearings, each shaft having a gear 154 on its inner end meshing with an idler pinion 155 carried by a part of the frame, and both pinions 155 therefor.

inclosure 161 supported by a. suitable frame 162 fixed on a bracket 163 projecting from the end of the turbine inclosure or a portion of the turbine frame. Between the segmental conducting strip 159 of each timer and the casing is an insulating segment 164, and connecting with the conducting segment 159 is the stem 165 of a binding post 166, as clearly shown by Fig. 13. A common shaft 167 mounted in suitably supported bearings 168 projects. into and through the timers 157 and .158 in central relation to the latter and on the opposite extremities of the said shafts,-collars 169 are fixed and have arms 170, one for each; and to these arms, carriers 171 are pivotally-mounted and have rollers 172 at their outer ends which. are adapted to-alternately engage the conducting segments 159 and the insulating segments 160 in view of the fact that the arms 170 and carriers 171 revolve at the same rate of speed with the shaft. Each arm 170, carrier 171 and roller 172 is disposed in a reverse position in the respective timers 157 and 158, or when one is uppermost and in engagement with the conducting segment 159 the other is projected downwardly and engages the insulating segment 160, as clearly shown by Figs. 13 and 14. The rollers 17 2 are held in engagement with the segments 159 and 160 by springs 173 secured to the collars 169 and extending over and engaging and secured to the outer portions of the carriers 171 adjacent to the fulcrums of thelatter and tending to 'exert a resilient pull on the rollers to maintain thelatter in their operative engagement with the said segments 159 and 160. Thesegments 159 and 160 always remain :the same as to proportions relatively to any number of cylinders and pistons that may be used in each organization A and B of the turbine, and it will be understood that when the cylinders and pistons are varied in number in each' group the time of operati0n;-

of the roller 172 will be correspondingly modified through the operating means In the present instance the con-'- ducting segments 159 of each timer is of sufficient length to permit all six of the groups of cylinders and pistons in each organization A and B'to remain active, provided the full power of the machine is required for the load thereon,*and irrespective of the load the sparking plugs of the cylin-- ders which may be thrown out of commission by means which will be hereinafter explained remain active, as no irregular explosion would occur in the out-of-commission cylinders and pistons by reason of the fact thatat such time no charges of motive agent will be supplied to such cylinders and pistons. The shaft 167 projects outwardly beyond the outer cover plates or disks 174 of the timers, and the ends thereof are provided with contact posts and disks 175 fitted in collars 176 and adapted to receive contact jacks or couplings 177 of conductors or wires 178 leading to the magnetos. The cover plates or disks 174 with their collars 176 are held intact with the bodies of the timers by spring-engaged nuts 17 9 on screwposts or rods 180 for maintaining the proper pressure on and freedom of operation of the rollers within the timers. The timers as a whole are also held in steady relation to the shaft 167 or prevented from having shifting movement around the opposite extremities of the shaft through the medium of angle arms 181 secured to the bracket 163 suitable screws 182, as clearly shown by Fig. 9. On thecenter of the shaft 167 is a worm wheel 183, and in suitable bearings 184 below said worm wheel a shaft 185 is mounted and has a worm 186 thereonwhich continually meshes with the said worm wheel. The shaft is also supported by a bracket arm 186 and on the outer end thereof is a pulley wheel 187 over which a belt 188 is trained and also over a pulley wheel 189 fixed on the projecting extremity of the shaft 12 at the governor end of .the turbine or motor, and by this means the worm shaft 185 is regularly rotated from the power shaft and through the worm gear 183 the shaft 167 is also rotated in proper timed relation to actuate the rollers 172, carriers 1'71,

arms 170 and collars 169 within the timers- 157 and 158. Adjacent to each timer and also supported on the bracket 163 in fixed position is a vertically disposed electromagnet 190 having a pole 191 rising therefrom, these electromagnets being independently active and each energized from the timer adjacent thereto by a wire 192 connected to the binding post 166 through the medium of a suitable coupling or jack, as shown. Mounted on the timer frame and also supported by the bracket 163 is an inclosing casing 193, and in the base of this casing and the upper portion of the timer frame a rock-shaft '194 is disposed in suitable bearings in a plane at right angles to the shaft 167 and extends outwardly through the base of the casing and continues acrom to the other end of the turbine or motor. The shaft 194 at one extremity has a toothed segment 195 fixed thereon and projecting upwardly within the casing 193 and is held in continual mesh with a segmental gear 196 fixed on a shaft 197 also extending outwardly through oppo: site ends of the casing 193 and into'and hrough the centers of the oppositely disposed conjointly operating members of a regulator. The regulator members consist of two circular casings 198 and 199, each of which embodies an insulating ring or annulus 200 preferably formed of fiber and secured to an inner inclosing disk or plate 201 which is comprised within the organization of the casings 198 and 199, the said disk and ring or annulus being shiftable in a circular plane through the medium of the links 146 and 147 which are eccentrically attached to the disks or plates 201. Extending inwardly through the peripheries of the casings 198 and 199 are the stems 202 of bindingposts 203, the said stems terminat ing in contacts 204 which have their inner ends exposed through and flush with the inner peripheries of the rings or annuli 200, all of said contacts 204 being of equal dimensions and having exactly similar portions thereof exposed for engagement with cooperating means for establishing a circuit through each binding post. On the opposite extremities of the shaft 197 within the casings 198 and 199 spiders 205 are fixed and consist of a plurality of radial socket arms 206, and in these arms stems 207 are mounted and carry shoes 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 and 213 on their outer ends respectively. Between the inner ends of the stems 207 and the inner terminals of the sockets of the arms 206, springs 214 are introduced to force the stems and shoes outwardly to always maintain a yielding engagement between the shoes and the inner peripheries of the rings or annuli 200 and the contacts 204. The shoe 208 of each member of the regulator is the smallest, and the shoes 209, 210, 211, 212- and 213 increase in dimensions, said dimensions being predetermined in accordance with the operation desired or so that when the governor 140 through the links 146 and 147 shifts either regulator member, ring or annulus 200 to automatically regulate the turbine or motor in accordance with the load thereon or when the shaft 197 is positively operated to throw all of the shoes of one regulator member off and on the contacts 209 the several shoes will become engaged with and disengaged from the contacts at different intervals of time proportionately to the dimensions of the several shoes. The shoe 213 which is of maximum dimensions will be the last to become disengaged from its contact and 'the first to engage said contact, and the next shoe 212 of less dimensions will move to and from its contact before the operation of disengagement and engagement of the shoe 213 relatively to its contact has been effected, and so on around through the whole series of shoes to the shoe 208 of minimum dimensions, which will always be the first to become disengaged from its contact andthe last to engage said contact. Therefore,

when the governor 140 through'the links 146 and 147 operates to shift' the spiders 205 a disengagement of the shoes from a normal, full'engaging position will be effected by the abnormal operation of the governor in accordance with the variations of load on the turbine or motor and the shoes of shorter dimensions will become disengaged from their contacts, whereas the shoes of longer dimensions will remain in engagement with number in the present instance and are-electrically connected by suitable wires 216 with' the pairs of electroinagnets 135, a wire leading off from the wire 215, as at 217, to the source of electrical generation. It will therefore be seen that including the electrical connections '01 wires 192 between the timers and the magnets 190 and the electrical connections between the regulator organizatlon and the electromagnets 135,. the

- said timers and regulator organization and electromagnets will operate as an electrical umt. Owing to this electrical operation of the parts 'just mentioned, the modification of the contacts in the members of the regulator organization will instantly vary the circuits between the same and the electromagnets 135 and a part of the groups or pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 with their pistons 112 and 113 will be rocked or thrown out of or into commission relatively to the corresponding rods 94 and 95 and cut off or supply the motive agent to the cylinders 38 I and pistons 70 controlled by the rods 94 and 95 and the valves co'o'perating therewith affected by the movement of the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 and the pistons there- 1n. "Primarily the spider205 and stems 207 carrying the shoes 208 to 213, inclusive, of one regulator member will be set completely off the contacts 204, as shown by Fig. 11,

and the spider and shoes of the remalning member of the regulator will be shifted so that the shoes will engage the contacts. 204,

and the sets'of six cylinders and their pis- 1 .tons controlled by the regulator member having the shoes in engagement with the contacts 204, and under such conditions in 1 circuit with the electromagnets 135, will be regularly charged with the explosive agent and the sparkers of this group of cylinders will be active; whereas the cylindersand pistons corresponding to the remaining :piember of the regulator, wherein the shoes jamom of engagement with the contacts 204,

j the electrical activity of the timers.

will be inactive so far as the supply and explosion and combustion of the motive agent relatively thereto is concerned. As hereinbefore' indicated, electromagnets 190 having upwardly extending poles 191 are located adjacent tothe timers, and operatively arranged over the poles 191 are armatures 218 and 219 on the outer ends of arms 7 the same, and the adjacent timer is electrically operating or the roller 17 2 thereof is in engagement with the conducting segment 159, andduring this position of the armature 218 the shaft 197 wil1.remain fixed. As soon as the roller 172 in the timer adjacent to the armature 218 rides ormoves off the conducting segment 159 onto the insulating' segment 160, the correspondingroller of the opposite timer will have moved from the insulating segment 160 onto the conducting segment 159 and instantly the electromagnet 190 adjacent to the previously operating timer will become de'e'nergized and the remaining electromagnet energized and draw down the armature 219, thus rocking the shaft 194 and through the segment 195 and segmental \gearl96 the shaft 197 will becorrespondingly moved to change the position of the spider arms and shoes 208 to 213 inclusive carriedthereby so that the said shoes of the one regulator member which have been bearing solely on the insulating ring orannulus 200 will be brought into engagement with the contacts 204 and the shoes of the opposite regulator member. will be disengaged from their contacts 204. It will be understood, however, that if the governor 140 has operated as hereinbefore explained to partially shift the shoes 208 to 213, inclusive, from the'contacts 204 of the active member of the regulator, a-correspondingshifting of the shoes relatively to the contacts will take place in the remaining member of the regulator through the change of position of the armatures 218 and 219 and The change of position of the armatures 218 and a 219 owing to the completion of the electrical x contact of the roller 172 in one timer with its conducting segment 1159, will be effected only when the cylinders and pistons 38 and 70 of one group have completed their cycle of operations relatively to the admission, explosion and combustion of the motive agent thereto, the change of operation from one side to the other taking place without loss of e T time or by a slight overlap so that there will not be theleast fluctuation of interval of diminution of driving force relatively to the turbine shaft and the power shafts geared thereto. The shaft 194, as heretofore stated, extends across from one end of the turbine or motor to the other end thereof and is held in suitable bearing brackets 221 fixed to the upper outer portions of the frame of the turbine or motor at opposite extremities of the latter, and on the ends of this shaft are cranks 222, as shown by Figs. 2, 2 and 4. Toeach of the cranks 222 a rigid connecting rod 223 is secured and also movably attached to the shifting disk,

plate or annulus 109 by means of a pin 224 extending through a slot 225, as shown by Fig. 8, this attachment of each connecting rod 223 being similar at opposite ends of the turbine or motor. Thus it Will be seen that when the shaft 194 is rocked or shifted, its motion is imparted through the connecting rods 223 to the shifting disks or annuli 109, and the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 with their pistons 112 and 113 therein, together with the electromagnet organization adjacent to said cylinders, are bodily shifted so as to move the pistons 112 and 113 at one end of the turbine or motor to disengage all of the projections 122 of-the pistons 112 from the ends of the rods 94 and partially disengage the projections 123 of the pistons 113 from the inner ends of the rods 95, and conversely at the opposite end of the turbine or motor the projections 122 and 123 of the pistons 112 and 113 are brought into full engagement with the inner ends of the rods 94 and 95 adjacent thereto. The electromagnet frame 120 and the electromagnets 135 and armatures 129 are permitted to move in unison with the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 and the pistons in the latter through the medium of the sleeve 121 of the magnet frame having loose engagement with the elongated sleeve or hub 13 at each extremity of the turbine or motor, and it is obvious that such movement of the magnet frame and its magnets together with the armatures is necessary in View of the bodily shifting movement imparted to the cylinders 110 and 111 and their pistons. This bodily shifting movement of the cylinders 110 and 111 together with their pistons or the-individual movement of the pairs of cylinders 110 and 111 is not in the least restricted by the piston rods 105 because the latter are trunnioned at their inner ends and are consequently fulcrumed, and though these piston rods may be temporarily disposed at angles to two radial lines, they will continue to operate the pistons 112 and 113 in the cylinders 110 and 111 through the eccentric and eccentric ring hereinbefore described and by this means the pistons 112 and 113 will always be in condition for instantly engaging the inner ends of the rods 94 and 95 corresponding thereto through the bosses or projections 122 and 123 when the cylinders 110 and 111 are shifted into normal positions relatively to the said rods.

The partition 7 divides the exhaust chambers 226 each having an outlet 227 COII111111 nicating with a common exhaust pipe or conduit extending out to the base of the machine and of any preferred type. This partition 7 is made in two sections and is hollow to provide water circulating chambers 228, the chambers of the two sections being connected by a circulating pipe 229, as clearly shown by Figs. 3 and 2. The chambers 228 have suitable partitions 230 therein, as shown by Fig. 3, to set up a positive circulation of Water or other cooling medium which is fed into the bottom of one chamber by a pipe 231 connected to a supply pipe 232, which in turn is fed by a suitable conduit, not shown, leading from a reservoir or other supply means. By means of this partition an exhaust chamber is formed for each turbine 8, and into this chamber the heated motive agent after traversing the turbine blades 9 is free to flow and finally passes out through the exhaust opening 227. The cooling partition, as explained, creates a zone of low temperature in which each turbine revolves, and in addition the Water jacketv extensions 10 surround the turbines in the form of annuli or circumscribing inclosures and are connected by means of pipes 233 with the supply pipe 232, and hence a thorough circulation of the cooling medium or water is set up, not only in the partition 7, but in the circumscribing cooling means for the turbines, and the latter are thereby rapidly reduced in temperature when not engaged by the heated motive agent from the several adjacent cylinders through the nozzles 89. By making the partition 7 in sections, convenience in assembling and disassembling the parts results. It will be seen that the exhaust chambers are surrounded by outer'casings 234, as clearly shown by Figs. 2, 2 and 3, and the bottom portions of these casings may be extended to provide the exhaust outlet or conduit means in any manner desired. The outlet for the water or other cooling medium supplied to the partition plate 7 and the Water chamber extensions or annuli 10 surrounding the turbines 8 consists of a pipe 235, as shown by Fig. 1, and to which a suitable drain pipe may be attached.

The air and gas chambers 58 and 60 are connected to supply pipes 238 and 239 respectively connected thereto and in turn run to air and gas supply means, and as hereinbefore indicated the air may be under pressure or simply under atmospheric pressure. To preliminarily start the turbine or motor prior to the timethat the cycling feed of the air and gas to the several cylinders 38 is effected or start the turbines to rotate in order that the first charges ofmotive agent delivered thereto may regularly continue the turbine rotation, an air pressure pipe 240 is connected to the casing adjacent to the turbine at each side of the machine and delivers air under compression to the turbine at two points at both ends of the machine, the compressed air'being fed to the pipes 240 from a suitable source. After the turbines have been thus preliminarily started, the pipes 240 are closed by means of valves 241 so as to obstruct any tendency to interference with the regular dischargingof the motive agent into the exhaust chamber and outwardly from the turbine or motor as a whole through the regular exhaust p1pe or conduit. The pipes 240 communicate with the opposite portions of the casing adjacent to the turbines between pairs of the cylinders, as shown by Fig. 1, so as to avoid 1nterference with the operation of any of the cylinders in preliminarily startlng the turbine.

The base of the machine comprises a main supporting element 242 at the center on whichthe base 243 of the central portion of the casing is mounted and secured, as shown by Fig. 3, and it is preferred that the exhaust outlet be adjacent to or extend into a portion of.the base 243, as at 244, see Fig. 4. It is, of course, obvious that the exhaust outlet 244 as well as the exhaust openings 227 leading thereto should be as large as possible so as to quickly carry off the exhaust from the chambers 226, and 1t 1s proposed to increase the diameter of the exhaust means as much as possible wlthln the general proportions of the said chambers 226 and-to locate the openings 227 at the lower portions of said chambers. So far as the structure of the base of the turbine or motor is concerned, it may be modified at will, both as to form, general organization and proportions relatively to the remaining parts of the turbine. The present turbine, however, embodies means for rendering the two turbines 8 and the chambers 226 as well as the inner ends of the two organizations A andB readily accessible. To accomplish this desired end, opposite extremities of the main base member 242 are provided with extensions 245, and thereon supports 246 are slidably mounted and secured to the lower portions of the frames or casings 36 of the organizations A and B. Each support 246 has an arm 247 secured thereto and depending through a slot 248 in the top of the extension 245 for said support, the lower end of the arm 247 being formed as a screw-eye 249 I to receive the inner screw-threaded extren'iity of an adjusting screw-rod 250 which is swiveled in the outer end of the extension 245, as at 251, and has a stem 252 angular in cross-section to receive a suitable crank whereby the rod 250 may be rotated in opposite directions. The support 246 is mov able regularly in central relation to the top of the extension 245 through the medium of suitable guides 253. By releasing the bolts 254 of the innercasing end or plate 35 of either organization A or B the organization so released may be shifted outwardly from the adjacent turbine 8 and chamber 226 by operating the screw-rod 250, and after repair or other manipulation iscompleted the organization moved outwardly may be reset in operative position relatively to its turbine 8 and chamber 226 and the securing bolts 254 applied to positively attach the organization in immovable position.

It will also be understood that suitable oiling cups and other accessories ordinarily used with gas turbines or motors will be applied as found necessary and desirable.

The operation of the turbine or motor in view of the foregoing disclosure of the preferred structures and organizations will be as follows:

In starting the turbine or motor, in order to set up a rotation of the turbines 8, the turbine shaft 5 and the power shafts 12, air under pressure is permitted to enter the pipes 240 by opening the valves 241 and after a limited interval or when the controlling and regulating mechanisms start to properly operate to deliver the charges of motive agent to the group of cylinders and pistons which will be first active, the airis shut off from the pipes 240 and the valves 241 are closed.

The pistons in the several cylinders 38 are alternately operated tohave outward and inward strokes through the medium of the cranks 15 and the eccentric disks 16 thereon located at the center of each group of cylinders and pistons and connected up, as hereinbefore explained, to the piston rods 69. On the instroke f each piston rod and piston 69 and 70 in its cylinder 38 the valve 48 in the outer end of the cylinder is opened to permit the charge of the motive agent or explosive medium to fully fill into the cylinder by the actuation of the push-pin 52 operated by the lever 52 having the rod 95 connected thereto and reciprocated by the controller mechanism hereinbefore explained. The motive agent or explosive medium flows into each cylinder 38 without the least restriction and the cylinder is thus charged until the piston 70 reaches the innermost limit of its instroke, the valve .81 in the outer end of the piston remaining closed during the charging of the cylinder so that 

